Introduction
“Active Shooter” is a term used to describe a situation that could well be your worst nightmare come true. It is a person, or persons, whose intentions are nothing less than to harm or kill as many people as can be before either killing themselves or being killed. Methods employed to accomplish this can be knives, guns, explosives, bio-hazards or other forms of deadly weapons and dangerous instruments. The shooter(s) could have a specific plan, or could be acting completely random. Regardless, the situation will be dynamic, evolve rapidly and will call for strategic reaction. This document is intended to provide guidance to faculty, staff and students who may be caught in such a situation, and describes what to expect from responding police officers. You are encouraged to continue to read this. Your life may well depend on it.
Planning Ahead
We must recognize there simply is no manner to completely prepare for every bad situation that could occur. Start planning by thinking in terms of “target hardening”, which means trying to be less vulnerable. This is a mind-set we all should work on. Which way does your door swing when you open it, in or out? What type of lock does it have, one that can be locked from the inside or not? If there are windows, do you have anything inside you could cover it with and limit the view to your area? Can you break an outside window to escape? Which direction do you face when you set at your desk? How far is the outside exit door from where you are? Whenever you walk around, what potential cover exists? Where could you hide if you had to? What am I willing to do to protect myself against armed suspects when I am unarmed?
The decision to hide or run should be dictated by the events you are witnessing. If you hear the commotion and feel it is far enough from you, you may chose to run. If you feel it is too close, you may need to secure in place. If the situation comes to you, there will be harder decisions to make. Remember, shooters are mobile.
If You Decide to Run
If You Secure In Place
Police Response
Closing
None of us would like to think this could ever happen. There are a number of people who still feel nothing will happen. Harsh reality says it can. Another harsh reality is it already has, maybe just not here. We should try to be as prepared as we can to survive.
What is an Automated External Defibrillator (AED)?
An AED is a lightweight, portable device used on persons who have experienced cardiac arrest and have no pulse or respirations. It has the ability to detect an irregular heart rhythm and apply an electrical shock (or shocks) to the person's heart in attempt to reset it back into a normal and effective rhythm.
Why are AEDs important?
Studies show that a person's chance of survival decreases approximately 10% for each minute their heart isn't beating and they aren't breathing, so time is of the essence. AEDs, when placed in easily accessible areas, provide almost instant access to potentially life-saving treatment. When combined with early CPR and early access to emergency care, chances of survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest increase from approximately 5% to near 60%.
Who can use an AED?
Anyone with CPR training: a policeman, fireman, doctor, nurse, coach or layperson can apply and use an AED. Voice prompts guide the rescuer through the appropriate steps and AEDs are over 99% accurate in rhythm interpretation-so they won't shock a person unless he or she needs it.
Coconino Community College has two AED’s. One is located at the Lone Tree Campus in the Security office. The other is on the Fourth Street campus in the main registration area. We also have pads for pediatric patients.
College Personnel receiving telephoned threats should get as much information as possible from the caller, using this form, and report it immediately to Security or the applicable Police Department.
Bomb Threats or suspicious packages received through the mail or other means will be reported immediately. If you receive a phone threat, get the attention of another staff member and have them summons assistance while you are still on the line with the caller.
Security or a Police Department will assess the threat and advise the building occupants if it is necessary to evacuate the building. If it is necessary, evacuate the building area until advised to return.
Initial Information;
Exact time of call __________________________________________________________
Phone # of caller (if available) ________________________________________________
Exact words of caller _______________________________________________________
Questions to ask;
When is the bomb going to explode? ___________________________________________
Where is the bomb? ______________________________________________________
What does it look like? _____________________________________________________
What kind of bomb is it? _____________________________________________________
What will cause it to explode? ______________________________________________
Did you place the bomb? ___________________________________________________
Why are you doing this? _____________________________________________________
Where are you calling from? _________________________________________________
What is your address? _____________________________________________________
What is your name? ________________________________________________________
Observations to make;
Caller’s voice (circle one) Male Female
Calm Disguised Nasally Angry Broken
Stutter Slow Sincere Lisp Rapid
Giggling Deep Crying Squeaky Excited
Stressed Accent Loud Slurred Normal
If voice is familiar, whom did it sound like? ______________________________________
Were there any background noises? __________________________________________
The following may apply to major earthquakes that cause strong shaking:
When the shaking stops:
Call the Security Department or your area Police Department to report all emergencies, including fires or fire alarms, bomb threats, injuries requiring medical assistance, hazardous materials incidents, or any other incident requiring rapid response.
Give the person you contact the following information when reporting an incident:
Your name
Your location (campus address and room number)
Nature of the emergency
How many people are involved
Either security will call police, or if you are already talking to the police, they will dispatch the Police Department, Fire Department, Ambulance, or any other assistance as required.
IN CASE OF A LIFE THREATENING EMERGENCY, CALL 911
This section provides a general guideline of evacuation procedures for persons with disabilities during fire and other building emergencies. Individuals with disabilities are responsible to identify their primary and secondary evacuation routes, and seek out colleagues who are willing to serve as evacuation assistants. Other faculty and staff members can help by being aware of others who may need assistance in an evacuation.
MOBILITY-IMPAIRED - WHEELCHAIR
Persons in wheelchairs should use building exits which access the outside of buildings at the ground level. For disabled individuals in other situations, it is not safe to attempt to move a wheelchair down the stairs. One effective approach to the situation is the following:
STAY IN PLACE
With assistance from an evacuation assistant, select a room with an exterior window, a telephone, and a solid or fire-resistant door. Remain with the disabled person in this room, and send someone to the evacuation assembly area to notify emergency personnel of the location of the person needing assistance. It is also possible to place the person needing assistance near a stairway landing to await assistance, although this area may not be protected from smoke and other hazards.
Fire Department personnel, who are trained in emergency rescue, can then enter the building and assist the person in exiting the building, either down the stairs or using the emergency elevator recall.
While staying in place, the wheelchair user should keep in direct contact with emergency services by calling 911 and reporting his/her location directly.
Stairway evacuation of wheelchair users should be conducted by trained professionals from emergency services. Only in situations of extreme danger should untrained people attempt to evacuate wheelchair users. If this must be attempted, one possibility is the following.
2 PERSON CRADLE
Or another technique is:
OFFICE CHAIR EVACUATION
MOBILITY IMPAIRED- NON-WHEELCHAIR
Persons with mobility impairments who are able to walk independently should be able to negotiate stairs in an emergency with minor assistance. The individual should wait until the heavy traffic has cleared on the stairwell before attempting to exit. There should be at least one evacuation assistant with the challenged individual to assist if needed.
HEARING IMPAIRED
All CCC buildings are equipped with fire strobe lights. If you see a person who appears unaware the fire alarm is sounding, it is possible they have a hearing impairment and will need to be alerted to emergency situations by an evacuation assistant.
VISUALLY IMPAIRED
Most people with visual impairments will be familiar with their immediate surroundings and frequently traveled routes. Since the emergency evacuation route may be different from the commonly traveled route, persons who are visually impaired may need assistance in evacuation. The evacuation assistant should offer his/her elbow to the individual with the visual impairment and guide him/her through the evacuation route. During the evacuation, the evacuation assistant should communicate as necessary to ensure safe evacuation and to try and calm them.
1. Remove yourself from immediate danger.
2. Assist others in leaving the immediate danger as long as it is safe to do so.
3. Confine the fire or smoke by closing doors and windows as you leave.
4. Activate the nearest fire alarm to alert building occupants.
5. Call Security or the Police Department at 911 and give the following information
- Campus name
- Room number
- Size or type of fire
- Your location
- Your name
6. Never attempt to use a portable fire extinguisher unless:
- You have been properly trained
- The fire is small (wastebasket size)
- You are not alone.
- A safe escape route is present.
- If any of these conditions is absent, simply close the door and evacuate.
7. If you choose to use a portable extinguisher follow the PASS procedure;
P - PULL the pin on the extinguisher.
A - AIM at the base of the fire.
S - Squeeze the handle before you approach the fire from about 10 feet away.
S – SWEEP and SPRAY covering the entire fire surface as you approach.
If this doesn’t extinguish the fire quickly, evacuate.
8. Evacuate through the nearest safe exit.
9. Call Security and the Police Department to ensure the fire was reported.
10. Once outside, help to account for personnel and report to staff or emergency personnel if any occupants are unaccounted for and may still be in the building.
Please, always remember that is important to avoid using wedges or otherwise blocking hallway and exit doors open. Open doors can allow smoke to enter exit hallways, severely jeopardizing safe evacuation, and hampering the efforts of fire department personnel.
IF YOU HEAR OR SEE A FIRE ALARM
1. NEVER assume the fire alarm is a false alarm.
2. Move to the safest exit.
3. Close doors as you leave the area.
4. Exit the building.
5. Proceed to an assembly area.
6. Wait for further instructions from Security, the Emergency Response Team or the Fire Department.
7. If you are in a laboratory and hear the fire alarm, shut down any hazardous equipment as you exit, unless doing so presents a greater hazard.
IF TRAPPED INSIDE YOUR OFFICE OR AREA
1. Wedge cloth material along the bottom of a door to keep the smoke out.
2. Close as many doors as possible between you and the fire.
3. Call Security or 9-1-1 and notify them of your situation.
4. Hang a sheet, coat or flag out of the window and close the window back.
5. If windows are operable, and you must have air, so open the window.
6. Break windows only as a last resort, as they cannot be closed if necessary.
7. If necessary, signal through the window to let safety personnel know your
location, otherwise remain to the floor.
Laboratory Fire and Fire Related Emergencies – High Threat Situations
Personal Response Procedures
General Response Procedures
Provide the following information:
There are a number of emergency situations that will necessitate evacuation of buildings. These are general evacuation procedures.
Building occupants will be notified of the evacuation by the sound of the building fire alarm, by verbal instruction from building staff or emergency personnel, or by self-evident hazardous conditions.
All occupants must leave the building immediately if the fire alarm is activated, or if directed to do so by building staff.
All occupants should exit the building through the nearest safe exit.
If the nearest exit is obstructed by smoke, fire or other hazards proceed to an alternate exit.
Allow enough room for others to enter the flow of traffic moving toward an exit.
Once outdoors, all occupants should move to a safe location preferably an evacuation assembly area.
Please ensure that proper assistance has been summoned by calling 911.
Building occupants will not be allowed to re-enter until the building has been deemed safe and cleared by on site safety personnel and/of fire personnel.
IF YOU HEAR OR SEE A HOSTAGE SITUATION:
IF YOU ARE TAKEN HOSTAGE:
IN A RESCUE SITUATION:
a. Your name and phone number
b. Campus and room number
d. Nature of injury and severity of the injury
e. Location of injured person
f. Age of injured person
g. Sex of injured person
h. Current condition
i. Any known medical history
In Northern Arizona, we are often subjected to rapidly changing and sometimes extreme weather conditions. What would you do if your electricity went out, or you found yourself stranded along the road in heavy snow? How about being evacuated because of a forest fire? Having a personal emergency kit is a good idea.
A personal emergency kit might contain:
Screening for suspicious letters or packages:
A concern of many is the receipt of a letter or package containing explosives, anthrax spores or other biological agents. Many threats targeting individuals or departments can frequently be controlled by screening of materials and by following the procedures listed below. Responding Public Safety agencies have plans in place to deal with these types of threats. Following the procedures below will activate those plans and promote the highest level of safety while minimizing the disruption associated with these incidents.
Common features of threatening letters/packages are:
If a letter or package exhibits any of these warning clues, DO NOT OPEN IT. No one is at risk provided there is nothing leaking from the package. No decontamination or treatment is necessary. Call Security or the Police Department to report the letter and tell the call taker that the envelope or package has not been opened and there is no substance leaking out.Follow the instructions of law enforcement personnel.
Biological threat background Information
Anthrax is a disease caused by bacteria called Bacillus anthracis. The form of the disease that health authorities are concerned that a bioterrorist attack might produce is inhalational anthrax. Inhalational anthrax occurs when a person breathes in anthrax spores. As early as a day or two after exposure or as late as seven weeks afterward, the spores develop into bacteria and begin to grow rapidly and the victim develops fever, has difficulty breathing and feels miserable. Death typically occurs within a few days after these symptoms if the person doesn’t receive medical treatment. It is believed that antibiotics can stop the disease if they are taken at the time the anthrax bacteria begin to grow or very soon thereafter. Vaccination against anthrax is not available to the general public.
Direct person-to-person spread of anthrax is extremely unlikely, if it occurs at all.Therefore, there is no need to immunize or treat acquaintances of an anthrax infected patient, such as; family, friends, or coworkers, unless they were also exposed to the same source of infection.
In the event of a bioterrorist attack, health authorities would conduct a rapid investigation, determine the place and time of the release, and identify individuals who need antibiotics. The federal government has stockpiled antibiotics for large-scale distribution in the event of a bioterrorist attack.
Threats involving Weapons of Mass Destruction (biological, chemical, or nuclear agents) is a FEDERAL offense.
The above information was collected from;
If you receive AND OPEN a package, letter, or note threatening anthrax contamination or other suspect substance:
REMAIN CALM – Although any threatened use of biological agent must be treated as though it is real, experience has demonstrated that these are likely to be a HOAX. If the suspected biological agent is reported as anthrax, be assured that it is NOT contagious from person to person, and that treatment is available and effective if administered before the onset of symptoms.